• Hey, guest user. Hope you're enjoying NeoGAF! Have you considered registering for an account? Come join us and add your take to the daily discourse.

Sony signs agreement with MS to keep COD on PS

Preventing MS from getting GP on CoD would again cost a lot of money, and it's not worth investing into CoD anymore if you're Sony. Take the marketing spend and place it elsewhere for your own Live Service game initiatives.

The problem with Sony's live-service push IMO, is that it is seemingly an increasing burden on their 1P studios that are not acclimated to live-service/GaaS content. We would have gotten Factions 2 by now, probably as part of TLOU Part 2, if Naughty Dog weren't a leading part in Sony's live-service and if they didn't "fail" the monetization check by Bungie forcing them to redo a good chunk of previous work and plans. Maybe as a result we'd be getting two new IP from them this gen instead of just one, and both being traditional games, in addition to a TLOU3 and Uncharted 5.

Maybe we'd see Polyphony expand back out beyond Gran Turismo if they didn't have to push all resources towards GT7 as a live-action platform (reminder: play Omega Boost if you haven't. It's amazing!). I'm worried we see similar from Sony's other 1P teams: "safe" sequels to marquee AAA traditional games, and live-service/GaaS work that in some cases could have been better served towards traditional AAA or AA 1P content.

Sony should basically want CoD to become irrelevant over time, not continue its market dominance on the platform, which only strengthens Microsoft's position of leverage.

I agree, but there's a right and wrong way to do that. Now that MS have full access to COD, they are going to leverage that in ways which undermine Sony's business model in the here-and-now.

Those other activision games will like Diablo and Overwatch will undoubtedly still be support on PS....Nobody cares about the others.

Maybe they will...but who's to say future Diablo IV & Overwatch content doesn't become partially exclusive (full or timed) to Xbox, or available with better pricing perks on Xbox via Game Pass, like what we've seen with the Riot Games deal on PC Game Pass? Enough of that could be a tipping point.
 

Topher

Gold Member
Yeah. It's pretty obvious that a decade of COD is far more important than the next iteration of Useless Crash Title 33 or Tony Hawk's Pro Skater Infinite.

Clearly. COD has been the number one selling game in the United States for the past 8 of the last 10 years (probably longer). The two years they were not number one, they were number two. And those two games that outsold COD was RDR 2 in 2018 and GTA V in 2013. And some here think losing out on 7 years of COD is worth whatever else AB has through 2027?

dave chappelle drugs GIF
 

James Sawyer Ford

Gold Member
The problem with Sony's live-service push IMO, is that it is seemingly an increasing burden on their 1P studios that are not acclimated to live-service/GaaS content. We would have gotten Factions 2 by now, probably as part of TLOU Part 2, if Naughty Dog weren't a leading part in Sony's live-service and if they didn't "fail" the monetization check by Bungie forcing them to redo a good chunk of previous work and plans. Maybe as a result we'd be getting two new IP from them this gen instead of just one, and both being traditional games, in addition to a TLOU3 and Uncharted 5.

Maybe we'd see Polyphony expand back out beyond Gran Turismo if they didn't have to push all resources towards GT7 as a live-action platform (reminder: play Omega Boost if you haven't. It's amazing!). I'm worried we see similar from Sony's other 1P teams: "safe" sequels to marquee AAA traditional games, and live-service/GaaS work that in some cases could have been better served towards traditional AAA or AA 1P content.



I agree, but there's a right and wrong way to do that. Now that MS have full access to COD, they are going to leverage that in ways which undermine Sony's business model in the here-and-now.



Maybe they will...but who's to say future Diablo IV & Overwatch content doesn't become partially exclusive (full or timed) to Xbox, or available with better pricing perks on Xbox via Game Pass, like what we've seen with the Riot Games deal on PC Game Pass? Enough of that could be a tipping point.

Doesn't need to be their new Live Service games.

Hell, the best thing they have is Bungie. A proven GaaS winner, with shooter mechanics that could appeal to the CoD userbase. It's the closest they have to a CoD competitor.
 

M1987

Member
Sony has 10 years to sunset PlayStation then. I think 70% of Sony's revenues today are not from PS anyways, so winding that business down over 10 years can be done with some planning.

They also have 10 years to try and get acquired now too. It's a long runway for them to find survival strategies before their lease on CoD runs out.
Wtf
 

StreetsofBeige

Gold Member
Well that was fast. I thought Jim Ryan said MS's COD offer was trash? I knew Sony would bend.

It's going to be a good for both parties. Sony keeps COD on their platform and MS likes it too because there's a ton of PS gamers. Win win.

Think of it like The Show on Xbox and Switch. If it was such a bad deal to support multiplats, Sony wouldnt have gave in and do ports. Win win for baseball gamers on all platforms.

For all the naysayers, so where's MS trying to browbeat Sony into Xbox exclusivity? I thought the theory was after the current marketing is over COD would be an Xbox/PC only thing?

Believe it or not, when it comes to business, sometimes you work with competitors to collectively increase sales for everyone. Just like cellphones and TVs. Some of the chips inside them are actually from competing companies who also make TVs/cellphones. On paper it makes no sense why one chipmaker would help a competitor, but sometimes it's a good deal for both.
 
Last edited:
Most of which are sequels and up to this point have mostly been cross-gen efforts. Might also drop in number as time goes on, per year.



That is partially undermining their console efforts particularly with marquee games potentially coming 1-2 years after console release at cheaper price, more options, higher resolutions and framerates, KB&M support, and free online.

Let's not forget, potential marketing bullet points to push the PS5 versions turning out to be false, too (like with Rift Apart)



Not necessarily sure how that benefits gamers



The main ones of note being Insomniac, Housemarque, Bluepoint, and Bungie. All of which besides Bungie being pre-ABK acquisition. Their gaming studio purchases post-2022 outside of Bungie have been small mobile-centric teams or studios with no known IP.



We're still waiting to see what most any of them are up to that isn't a GaaS/live-service MP-heavy title



Most of which are either "just" marketing deals, or timed 3P exclusivity deals with indie AA or Square-Enix Final Fantasy titles. Feels like a noticeable step back from the PS4 generation in that respect.



Potentially at the detriment of areas they are traditionally involved in.



Whose next game will still be multiplatform Day 1 and, depending on what autonomy Bungie have, could even end up Day 1 in Game Pass (at this rate, feels like).



No he hasn't, IMO. He could have been taking the effort spent on blocking this deal, to instead attempt a couple of 3P publisher acquisitions of their own to lock down those partnerships, make investments in other 3P partners and buy shares in a few big AAA and AA 3P publishers over the span of these past 18 months. It seems like potentially nothing in terms of key 3P investments or share purchases has happened, let alone publisher acquisitions.



I certainly hope so. We'll be able to read the room for certain within the span of the next few weeks/months for sure.



Personally is of little interest to me, but turning to Amazon & Netflix for cloud expansion strategy vs. Microsoft was one of the few notable good moves Sony've made in this ABK circus.



Saints Row 1, as well.
Sony couldn’t have gone out and bought a publisher being the market leader. Now that ABK has happened, those shackles are off.
 
LOL just get everything if you can. Principled consumption is about as useful as searching for a perfect politician.
It's not about morals or principles for me here, I just simply don't trust what Satya Nadella envisions for gaming in 10-15 years from now. I think Nadella wants to take away the buy to play option for Microsoft-owned games at some point down the line, and I don't want to become dependent on being at the mercy of Microsoft for accessing games that I play. Remember, the annual $60 gold option has been missing from the Xbox consoles for a few years now, and there's no signs of it coming back anytime soon. Couple that with the fact that Microsoft tried to double the price of gold to $120 altogether just a couple years ago, and I see a company that is hellbent on moving their consumer base to subscriptions and phasing away the buy to play option (at least for their first party games anyways).
 

StreetsofBeige

Gold Member
This was a given. They werent going to sacrifice tens of millions of copies sold just to sell another hundred thousand consoles
Agreed. A lot of us said the same thing.

However, one theory was MS would hoard COD for Xbox as a complete exclusive (even though its on PC, Switch and mobile too) and try to win the war against Sony cutting them off as a war of attrition as gamers flock to Xbox as gamers all dump PS.

It was a silly all or nothing theory the whole time.
 

Bernardougf

Gold Member
The deal got worse? Activision only has COD in terms of what matters for PlayStation. So getting COD till 33 instead of who cares + COD till 27 is… a worse deal?

In what world, some of you have the wildest takes…
Since MS first victory over the FTC the insurgence of low iq fanboys waiting to gloat took the quality of the discussion to the abyss
 
Last edited:

Allandor

Member
So it seems the deal was good enough after all, Sony?
Really, I hate company "politics". At first it is not enough for them, than after a process they supported has been lost it is finally totally ok for them.
Will be interesting what happens in the UK...
 

Evil Calvin

Afraid of Boobs
Last time I checked Gears,Halo and Forza wasn't on my PS5
Last I checked Uncharted, Spiderman, Last of Us and FF16 wasn't on my XSX. Point is, Sony needs to STFU and play nice. If they do then maybe some of these Xbox games like Elder Scrolls, Doom and Wolfenstein may come to PS.
 

StreetsofBeige

Gold Member
Sounds like the deal got worse from what they were originally offered. Sony overplayed their hand badly.


It was vague, but when MS and Nintendo did their 10 year deal, MS said they also offered Sony a 10 year COD deal which Jim Ryan scoffed at. By the looks of it the 10 year COD deal is still in tact, but the rest of the games deal offer to 2027 (which was never publicly mentioned as the whole debacle has been COD focused) dropped off the contract.

Jim should had taken the first offer in Dec 2022.

Edit: The email in the tweet has a May 2022 offer. So Jim had over a year to iron out a COD + Other Games deal.
 
Last edited:

ByWatterson

Member
It's not about morals or principles for me here, I just simply don't trust what Satya Nadella envisions for gaming in 10-15 years from now. I think Nadella wants to take away the buy to play option for Microsoft-owned games at some point down the line, and I don't want to become dependent on being at the mercy of Microsoft for accessing games that I play. Remember, the annual $60 gold option has been missing from the Xbox consoles for a few years now, and there's no signs of it coming back anytime soon. Couple that with the fact that Microsoft tried to double the price of gold to $120 altogether just a couple years ago, and I see a company that is hellbent on moving their consumer base to subscriptions and phasing away the buy to play option (at least for their first party games anyways).

Yeah, like, I don't disagree - it's just that's such a long period of time to deny yourself great entertainment.

Microsoft can be a monopolistic, greedy company AND Gamepass and the console features can (currently) be too good to pass up.
 
Last edited:
It was vague, but when MS and Nintendo did their 10 year deal, MS said they also offered Sony a 10 year COD deal which Jim Ryan scoffed at. By the looks of it the 10 year COD deal is still in tact, but the rest of the games deal offer to 2027 (which was never publicly mentioned as the whole debacle has been COD focused) dropped off the contract.

Jim should had taken the first offer in Dec 2022.

Edit: The email in the tweet has a May 2022 offer. So Jim had over a year to iron out a COD + Other Games deal.
Yeah he should have, but either way they're boned. In Jim Ryan's own words, they are all defacto exclusives for MS now.
 

StreetsofBeige

Gold Member
Yeah he should have, but either way they're boned. In Jim Ryan's own words, they are all defacto exclusives for MS now.
Reading it again, the deal might had changed though.

In May 2022, it might had been all games to 2027. And then by Dec 2022, it was solely COD for 10 years? Or is there info that in Dec 2022, the offer was COD for 10 years and also everything else to 2027?

I dont know unless I missed clarification.

If the Dec 2022 offer was changed by MS to be COD for 10 years only. Then it looks like Jim took the offer after all. The COD offer was still on the table.
 
Last edited:
Yeah, like, I don't disagree - it's just that's such a long period of time to deny yourself great entertainment.

Microsoft can be a monopolistic, greedy company AND Gamepass and the console features can (currently) be too good to pass up.
I've heard now for a while about the value of Gamepass, but the issue for me is that assuming I'm paying the current price of roughly $200 per year for game pass ultimate tier, then over the course of an entire console generation (about 8 years nowadays), I'd be looking at paying $1600 for games that I don't even own, so after spending well over a thousand dollars, if I stop subscribing after so long, then I'd lose everything from that subscription.

Not to even mention that doesn't include any dlc for those games, just the base game, so I'd probably be spending close to $2000 for an entire 8 year generation when taking dlcs into account, and I won't be able to access any of that if I decide to stop my subscription. So yeah, I think Microsoft would love nothing more than to make their consumers feel very dependent on having to stick with their subscriptions even if they raise the prices, since their consumers are already too deeply invested to break away at that point, and I would never want myself to be in such a position.
 
It's not about morals or principles for me here, I just simply don't trust what Satya Nadella envisions for gaming in 10-15 years from now. I think Nadella wants to take away the buy to play option for Microsoft-owned games at some point down the line, and I don't want to become dependent on being at the mercy of Microsoft for accessing games that I play. Remember, the annual $60 gold option has been missing from the Xbox consoles for a few years now, and there's no signs of it coming back anytime soon. Couple that with the fact that Microsoft tried to double the price of gold to $120 altogether just a couple years ago, and I see a company that is hellbent on moving their consumer base to subscriptions and phasing away the buy to play option (at least for their first party games anyways).
Their goal is to do to gaming what they did to Office. You have to pay an annual sub to use Word and Excel LMAO.

They are even trying to come up with a cloud version of Windows, one day you'll pay an annual sub to use your Windows PC. I already have a MacBook though in addition to my PC's so it would be an easy transition for me if that day ever comes
 
Last edited:
Sony couldn’t have gone out and bought a publisher being the market leader. Now that ABK has happened, those shackles are off.

They did just that when they bought Bungie tho 🤣.

I get what you're saying in general though. Also, Sony don't have to stick to simply defining an acquisition to their position in the console gaming market, since it's not like Microsoft are simply using Xbox's console gaming valuation or profits to make this ABK acquisition. It's the whole of Microsoft, and as a company they dwarf smaller competitors like Sony.

Doesn't need to be their new Live Service games.

Hell, the best thing they have is Bungie. A proven GaaS winner, with shooter mechanics that could appeal to the CoD userbase. It's the closest they have to a CoD competitor.

But we know for Sony, it probably won't be enough, because it's a gamble to say if Marathon will draw in the money Destiny has, and Destiny hasn't been on the same level of a money generator that COD has become.
 
Last edited:
MLB The Show is a different case because Sony DOES NOT own the IP.

After 2033, COD will release on PC, Xbox systems (if they are still around), Switch 3, and other platforms that support Gamepass except Sony systems.

Future Zenimax and AB games will not release on Sony systems, Jimbo has to cut the BS and accept the facts.
 

93xfan

Banned
Still amazes me that Sony couldn't find a studio to create a game to seriously compete with CoD.
Just make a functionally competent arcade military themed shooter and not include bullshit fortnite-esque skins and mictrotransactions.
Please :(
Wow, that sounds easy. Why stop there? How about a Minecraft and Fortnite competitor? And maybe a Mario and Zelda competitor?

Oh man! Sony is going to own the gaming industry with our ideas! Someone post Jim Ryan’s phone number ASAP!
 

StreetsofBeige

Gold Member
Their goal is to do to gaming what they did to Office. You have to pay an annual sub to use Word and Excel LMAO.

They are even trying to come up with a cloud version of Windows, one day you'll pay an annual sub to use your Windows PC. I already have a MacBook though in addition to my PC's so it would be an easy transition for me if that day ever comes
Thats the natire of digital products in general. TV, movies, music, Windows, Adobe Photoshop etc.... It's a sub plan world. Assuming it's a highly subbed service year after year, it's a less risky business model.

Adobe stopped selling Photoshop for $500+ per copy and went to I think $20/mth sub plan. Finances show it's better to sub it out than hope for chunks of copies sold at $500 each. And it's worked. Their sales, profits and stock price are literally at record highs this year.
 
Last edited:
Thats the natire of digital products in general. TV, movies, music, Windows, Adobe Photoshop etc.... It's a sub plan world. Assuming it's a highly subbed service year after year, it's a less risky business model.

Adobe stopped selling Photoshop for $500+ per copy and went to I think $20/mth sub plan. Finances show it's better to sub it out than hope for chunks of copies sold at $500 each.
I refuse to pay a sub for everything, I don't owe corporations my money. I do not sub to Netflix, Amazon Prime, or any other streaming shit. I will not sub to Adobe Creative Cloud, Office 365, or fucking Gamepass. Unlike other Americans, I like having money for myself instead of giving it to corporations
 

Fabieter

Member
I've heard now for a while about the value of Gamepass, but the issue for me is that assuming I'm paying the current price of roughly $200 per year for game pass ultimate tier, then over the course of an entire console generation (about 8 years nowadays), I'd be looking at paying $1600 for games that I don't even own, so after spending well over a thousand dollars, if I stop subscribing after so long, then I'd lose everything from that subscription.

Not to even mention that doesn't include any dlc for those games, just the base game, so I'd probably be spending close to $2000 for an entire 8 year generation when taking dlcs into account, and I won't be able to access any of that if I decide to stop my subscription. So yeah, I think Microsoft would love nothing more than to make their consumers feel very dependent on having to stick with their subscriptions even if they raise the prices, since their consumers are already too deeply invested to break away at that point, and I would never want myself to be in such a position.

Well its kinda the endgoal for most of the industrys as outlined by the WEF. Ownership will go a way in the next few years.
 

RickMasters

Member
Well, if the deal is 10 years for COD going to 2033 (That would be well in PS6 territory and probably close to PS7), why would any PS COD gamers be panicky and bailing for another platform anytime soon?
COD gamers kind of go where the wind blows. I think the gamepass effect will kick in soon enough, especially for people who are still yet to transition from last gen. but who knows.....
 

StreetsofBeige

Gold Member
I refuse to pay a sub for everything, I don't owe corporations my money. I do not sub to Netflix, Amazon Prime, or any other streaming shit. I will not sub to Adobe Creative Cloud, Office 365, or fucking Gamepass. Unlike other Americans, I like having money for myself instead of giving it to corporations
I only sub to things I think are good value and worth my time and usage. And it's not many. Xbox GP with the cheap promo deal and I just got a streaming box lately which I sub to a channel plan. That's it. The only other one I had was splitting NF with my brother. But I told him I dont need it anymore now. You can even change the password if you want.

I have a full legit copy of MS Office 2019 Professional I will milk as long as possible (got it through work perks for I think $20). I dont do music plans, any PC software firewall plans, nothing else. I dont do Amazon Prime either and never have.

If I didn't have a full copy of Office 2019 (lets say it wasnt available), I would had sticked to my older fully owned copy of I think Office 2015 or 16 on my old laptop. Good enough for me.
 
Their goal is to do to gaming what they did to Office. You have to pay an annual sub to use Word and Excel LMAO.

They are even trying to come up with a cloud version of Windows, one day you'll pay an annual sub to use your Windows PC. I already have a MacBook though in addition to my PC's so it would be an easy transition for me if that day ever comes
While I do think they later on offered a permanent one time buy for Microsoft Office, I think it's quite expensive to do so from my recollection. Like, there's nothing stopping Microsoft from just making their next gen console in 2028 a digital only console, and also begin making their first party games like $140 or so and never discounting their games on their storefront, as to 'enhance' the relative value of Gamepass.

No, I'm not saying this would be anytime soon in this console generation, but I think Microsoft is okay with playing the long game here in acquiring ABK + Zenimax and eventually pushing their consumer base to subscribe for renting games instead of one time purchase and doing away with second-hand resales of their games. Have people here celebrating this merger forgotten the crapshow a decade ago when Microsoft tried to enact blatantly anticonsumer policies for the Xbox One launch? To be honest, it wasn't even the always online requirement (like every 7-30 days perhaps?) that had irked me the most, but rather the attempt to restrict second hand resales for physical games (Source). I don't think Microsoft has ever really changed their goals from a decade ago, they just simply scapegoated Don Mattrick and tried to find another route to reaching their end goal, for which Gamepass seems to be their alternative now.
 

StreetsofBeige

Gold Member
COD gamers kind of go where the wind blows. I think the gamepass effect will kick in soon enough, especially for people who are still yet to transition from last gen. but who knows.....
Good point.

Comes down to if COD comes to GP and if that $70 worth of free value is a big enough pull to flip platforms. Who knows.
 

Kataploom

Gold Member
How is current sony more aggressive than xbox or nintendo. It's just industry norm, but they will buy their own publisher in the next few years no doubt.
Srsly? Can't believe someone really asked this... Just starting this gen since 2020 we got FF7R, its sequel, two Bethesda games which could even be more alledgely, Forspoken, usual COD "no Xbox mention" deal, Stray, Kena, what else?
 

93xfan

Banned
Yes but the finer details of the agreement needs to be known. Is Call of Duty staying on it with all content is the key because I believe Xbox will make exclusive modes exclusive maps etc down the line. This will happen 3 or more years from now. Could even get worse where they bring out a weapon that's completely op but it's only available on Xbox.
I’d love a weapon/kill streak that seeks out PlayStation players only. Would be a good Gamepass Perk.

We could balance it out by giving PlayStation players an Xbox/Gamepass skin that would make the make them blend in and therefore immune to the kill streak.
 
Last edited:

BootsLoader

Banned
Congrats to Xbox division for the acquisition. From now on they will have a lot of hard work to do so they don’t fuck up these studios like they did with previous. It’s not that easy to control such studios and make them work in harmony, one thing PlayStation had right until now it’s their pipeline. But that is changing for Sony also, I really can’t wait to see how this will play out in the coming years. We are living a big part of gaming history guys.
 

Umbasaborne

Banned
Imagine a world where the next crash or spyro is xbox exclusive. Tbh I dont think they would actually do that, but who knows.
 
I've heard now for a while about the value of Gamepass, but the issue for me is that assuming I'm paying the current price of roughly $200 per year for game pass ultimate tier, then over the course of an entire console generation (about 8 years nowadays), I'd be looking at paying $1600 for games that I don't even own, so after spending well over a thousand dollars, if I stop subscribing after so long, then I'd lose everything from that subscription.

Not to even mention that doesn't include any dlc for those games, just the base game, so I'd probably be spending close to $2000 for an entire 8 year generation when taking dlcs into account, and I won't be able to access any of that if I decide to stop my subscription. So yeah, I think Microsoft would love nothing more than to make their consumers feel very dependent on having to stick with their subscriptions even if they raise the prices, since their consumers are already too deeply invested to break away at that point, and I would never want myself to be in such a position.
Great post

This has been my position on gamepass since day 1. And further extends how ms is now buying the entire industry.

Apparently using some inference and some foresight to see where this is heading is apparently warring for sony.

I have paid for one game this year. Diablo 4 maybe one more im not sure. I have plenty of games from my back log or whatever. Even f2p games.

I don't want my entire catalogue (in the future) to be locked behind a paywall that contains games that Im not interested in. We've already seen price increases. What if Phil carries on buying up publishers and more exclusives.

What's to stop them forever increasing the price? Especially once they buy out their competitors which is what they are currently doing.

What's to stop them making their games gamepass exclusive and you can't even buy them any more. If their sub ends up 30/40 a month it makes no sense to even release them to buy separately.

I'm sorry but 400/500 dollars a year isn't the best deal in gaming.
 
Last edited:

StreetsofBeige

Gold Member
As for the MS deal coming through and Sony getting 10 years of COD it seems, dont forget that going by the tweets and offers it's not like MS only offered Activision game deals at the last minute hoping for approval.

The offers have been there the whole time. Above was a Phil Spencer offer of 5 years of games to 2027 submitted in May 2022. And the 10 year COD deal was publicly communicated in Dec 2022. So hey, MS has been willing to wheel and deal early. So not so much of an exclusivity lockdown mentality after all.
 
Last edited:

Fabieter

Member
Srsly? Can't believe someone really asked this... Just starting this gen since 2020 we got FF7R, its sequel, two Bethesda games which could even be more alledgely, Forspoken, usual COD "no Xbox mention" deal, Stray, Kena, what else?

Yea I think microsoft and Nintendo never did something like that. You got me here mate.
 
Well its kinda the endgoal for most of the industrys as outlined by the WEF. Ownership will go a way in the next few years.
You think Nintendo's going to do away with physical games anytime soon? I think not, they have no reason to break something that's not broken. We'll see what happens in the future once Nadella and the board of directors at Microsoft finally takes away the gold conversion for Gamepass, for which they already somewhat tightened recently, just how do the consumers react over the coming years.
 

StreetsofBeige

Gold Member
You think Nintendo's going to do away with physical games anytime soon? I think not, they have no reason to break something that's not broken. We'll see what happens in the future once Nadella and the board of directors at Microsoft finally takes away the gold conversion for Gamepass, for which they already somewhat tightened recently, just how do the consumers react over the coming years.
I dont think so. I remember out of Sony, MS and Nintendo that Switch gamers are by quite a bit the gamer base that buys physical the most. I think MS/Sony were up to around 75-80% digital, but Switch gamers were only around 60%.
 
Top Bottom