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On the Phenomenon of Bullshit Jobs

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-COOLIO-

The Everyman
one of my biggest pet peeves is the subject a top story on hacker news:

http://www.strikemag.org/bullshit-jobs/

like the commentors, i agree that the ruling class part might be a little off but the overall point is sound. waaaaaaaay too many of us work in some seriously pointless jobs and they're standing between us and the 15 hour work week. In a few years we'll all be working in sales and marketing and yet we'll be happy for the abundance of 'full time' work.
 

Sage00

Once And Future Member
This guy hasn't realised that 'anthropologist' is far more of a 'bullshit job' than any of those he criticises.
 
I would say at least half of the 700+ people in the office of my job of the previous 8+ years were mostly pointless, existed/created only to inflate the ego of upper management. Countless people maybe did roughly 10 hours of real work a week and 30 hours of looking busy and socializing.
 

Burt

Member
Not understanding the need for corporate lawyers is bullshit. Enforcement of business and contract law is hugely complicated and one of the most important things for keeping any society afloat. I'm sure it's unfulfilling and chock-full of unnecessary bullshit, but the actual act of representing and advising businesses in the legal environment is hugely important.

I would say that most of the jobs he lists have actual, tangible value, he's just not in a position to see it. Like corporate law, they're probably unfulfilling to many of the people in the field, but the fact of the matter is that if PR, marketing, sales, and administration didn't have value and/or perform necessary functions, the industries would collapse on themselves from lack of demand. Yeah, there's a lot of bloat, but their core functions are sound.

And then he goes on to blast the people whose jobs support these industries... And I don't even feel like arguing this anymore. Because apparently we need less IT specialists and more poets and indie rock singers.
 
Hmph. I think this piece makes the same mistake that a lot of critiques of capitalism make, and that's assuming that there's an over-arching conspiracy of some sort. Even talking about the capital-owning class makes the mistake of thinking that one business would be willing to put themselves at risk for the benefit of others. For example, it talks about how people only working 15 hours a week would be "mortally dangerous" to the "ruling class" (he doesn't appear to explain why, but I assume he means because it would reduce the number of consumers to a product) which might be true, but doesn't explain why any given company would - in his own words - "shell out money to workers they don’t really need to employ". The answer is that the businesses do need these employees. Society might function without them, but that business wouldn't.

He has a friend who used to be a poet (Though presumably not a very good one) and the front of an indie rock band (a... good use of one's time? It's assumed that all art is, necessarily, worthy. I'd question that significantly - if your art is without sufficient merit that people that aren't your mum don't like it enough to support your lifestyle, maybe what you're producing is a load of old dog-balls and less worthy than being a corporate lawyer?) who then become a corporate lawyer and hated it. Good for him.

But ultimately, I think what people would really hate, is being a fucking farmer. There's a reason why people chose, at the first opportunity open to them, to flee the agricultural lifestyle en-masse and move into cities. Ditto, as soon as it was viable for them to do so, they then left industrial production. The only way that our modern technology allows for a 15-hour working week is by being so highly automated that it's not the traditional sense of producing something that originally attracted people to trades.

I wonder which section he classes himself as. A "Real, productive worker," or one having a "bullshit job". I've got a guess!
 

-COOLIO-

The Everyman
Not understanding the need for corporate lawyers is bullshit. Enforcement of business and contract law is hugely complicated and one of the most important things for keeping any society afloat. I'm sure it's unfulfilling and chock-full of unnecessary bullshit, but the actual act of representing and advising businesses in the legal environment is hugely important.

I would say that most of the jobs he lists have actual, tangible value, he's just not in a position to see it. Like corporate law, they're probably unfulfilling to many of the people in the field, but the fact of the matter is that if PR, marketing, sales, and administration didn't have value and/or perform necessary functions, the industries would collapse on themselves from lack of demand. Yeah, there's a lot of bloat, but their core functions are sound.

And then he goes on to blast the people whose jobs support these industries... And I don't even feel like arguing this anymore. Because apparently we need less IT specialists and more poets and indie rock singers.

i don't think he's saying that there's 0 tangible benefit to these jobs, because you're exactly right that they wouldn't exist otherwise. but instead, these are the kinds of jobs we're the world would keep spinning if they were gone tomorrow and given the choice to live in a world with less of a sales/marketing/whatever else workforce and more leisure time, society as a whole would prefer more leisure time, but we're just not sure how to get there from here.
 

epmode

Member
This guy hasn't realised that 'anthropologist' is far more of a 'bullshit job' than any of those he criticises.

This is a point the author makes in this very article.

Now, I realise any such argument is going to run into immediate objections: “who are you to say what jobs are really ‘necessary’? What’s necessary anyway? You’re an anthropology professor, what’s the ‘need’ for that?” (And indeed a lot of tabloid readers would take the existence of my job as the very definition of wasteful social expenditure.) And on one level, this is obviously true. There can be no objective measure of social value.
 

Gotchaye

Member
Graeber's actually written quite a few very good (by all accounts) and very accessible books on a variety of important topics.

I think he's wrong here, but in a way that doesn't really impact the overall point he's making. Bullshit jobs are actually marginally profitable for corporations. They're paying people $10/hr and getting $10.50/hr in work. But these jobs are incredibly inefficient when we look at the bigger picture; they're bullshit because they're wastes of time, but corporations don't care about their employees' leisure time. There's of course a sense in which the employees are choosing to give up their leisure time to work for low wages, but that's not really a free choice.

Administrative bloat and lawyers are special cases. Administrative bloat is just something that happens in large organizations. It's not good in itself, but the advantages of being a large organization outweigh it. It's bullshit in something like the way janitorial work is bullshit. Lawyers are engaged in an arms race; there's basically always room for more lawyers because what's important is having better lawyers than the other company. Grossly inefficient on a system-wide level, of course, but corporations have extremely good reasons to employ as many lawyers as they do.

But yeah, we've accepted that this is the way things ought to be, when it's really a very stupid way of organizing things.
 
This is a point the author makes in this very article.

He doesn't really. He acknowledges that people routinely accuse him of being a waste of space but he doesn't actually respond to it other than to differentiate himself from the people that acknowledge what they do is a waste of time.
 

ZaCH3000

Member
i don't think he's saying that there's 0 tangible benefit to these jobs, because you're exactly right that they wouldn't exist otherwise. but instead, these are the kinds of jobs we're the world would keep spinning if they were gone tomorrow and given the choice to live in a world with less of a sales/marketing/whatever else workforce and more leisure time, society as a whole would prefer more leisure time, but we're just not sure how to get there from here.

Is your suggestion to pay workers the same for 15 hours of work then what they make now for 40 hours? In other words, dramatically increase their value per hour of work because if they work less hours, and have more leisure time, they will produce better results?
 

-COOLIO-

The Everyman
Graeber's actually written quite a few very good (by all accounts) and very accessible books on a variety of important topics.

I think he's wrong here, but in a way that doesn't really impact the overall point he's making. Bullshit jobs are actually marginally profitable for corporations. They're paying people $10/hr and getting $10.50/hr in work. But these jobs are incredibly inefficient when we look at the bigger picture; they're bullshit because they're wastes of time, but corporations don't care about their employees' leisure time. There's of course a sense in which the employees are choosing to give up their leisure time to work for low wages, but that's not really a free choice.

Administrative bloat and lawyers are special cases. Administrative bloat is just something that happens in large organizations. It's not good in itself, but the advantages of being a large organization outweigh it. It's bullshit in something like the way janitorial work is bullshit. Lawyers are engaged in an arms race; there's basically always room for more lawyers because what's important is having better lawyers than the other company. Grossly inefficient on a system-wide level, of course, but corporations have extremely good reasons to employ as many lawyers as they do.

But yeah, we've accepted that this is the way things ought to be, when it's really a very stupid way of organizing things.

from an anthropologists perspective though, that doesn't mean much if we look at it's value to civilization overall, in fact it could be detrimental. having a bunch of jobs that only have the purpose of increasing profits for top earners while producing nothing of real tangible value to the everyday citizen serves to do nothing more than exacerbate an already terrible wealth disparity problem.
 
It’s not entirely clear how humanity would suffer were all private equity CEOs, lobbyists, PR researchers, actuaries, telemarketers, bailiffs or legal consultants to similarly vanish.

This line is like the biggest joke in the entire article. It's pretty damn clear, actually. You wouldn't have anyone funding, legislating, advertising, bookkeeping, marketing, and legally protecting the "productive industries" products and services, so they would cease to exist. AKA a full societal collapse due to a completely dysfunctional economy.
 

Lonely1

Unconfirmed Member
Excellent topic and article, Coolio. I believe that we can trace the "increase of bullshit jobs" back to Neoliberal ideals. Since everything now is has to be an industry, even education and scholar research, we needed administrators to run everything. But who administrates the administrators? Other administrators, an so forth creating and endless loop of bullshit job creation. Not mention the creation of laws and other support systems needed to govern this huge administrative structure, and system to maintain and administrate them...

The saddest thing about this whole situation is that actual valuable human capital is being left behind the bloated bureaucratic structure and crushed by it. In the modern world, since capital is the only thing that matters, those who control the money, in a corporation being the administrators, hold a disproportionate amount of power.
 

-COOLIO-

The Everyman
Is your suggestion to pay workers the same for 15 hours of work then what they make now for 40 hours? In other words, dramatically increase their value per hour of work because if they work less hours, and have more leisure time, they will produce better results?

the argument is that we could produce the same amount of valuable stuff with us divvying up the useful 40 hour jobs into say, two 20 hour a week jobs and paying twice as much, with no one working the more pointless jobs.
 

WanderingWind

Mecklemore Is My Favorite Wrapper
i don't think he's saying that there's 0 tangible benefit to these jobs, because you're exactly right that they wouldn't exist otherwise. but instead, these are the kinds of jobs we're the world would keep spinning if they were gone tomorrow and given the choice to live in a world with less of a sales/marketing/whatever else workforce and more leisure time, society as a whole would prefer more leisure time, but we're just not sure how to get there from here.

In terms of what determining what value marketing and public relations has to the growth of industry, one really only needs to look at examples in the video game industry to see how they function. Phil Fish is a talented developer. He's a terribly PR manager. How successful would he have been if he had a dedicated, well-seasoned manager?

If 10 people get together and create a wonderful widget, yet nobody knows about it, then they're out of a job. Hell, the author's own example with his talented musician friend speaks to this, as well. How successful would he be if he was marketing the right way by caring A&R (lol, I know, bear with me here) if, indeed, he was as talented as he claims?

That doesn't mean that all PR/Marketing as it exists is strictly necessary, but the field itself is no more a bullshit field than any other.
 
D

Deleted member 13876

Unconfirmed Member
Reminds me of hearing about how companies employed random ass dudes en masse at the time of the dotcom boom if they even had an inkling of computer knowledge. These people didn't really have a job to do, but just had to keep up appearances.
 
I don't mean to sound like a massive dickhead (though, to be fair, it's not something I'll lose much sleep over) but looking at the guy's wikipedia page, it does actually look like he's never had a job outside of academia. Now, I have nothing against that - I don't think all these libruhl academiks are pollutin' the minds of our kids or anything. But it does make me question the degree to which he's really (heh heh heh) qualified to talk about such things. He's clearly a smart guy, and he has degrees coming out of his arse, but for him to sit there and say "these jobs are good, these ones are bad" even when not talking about ones where the people themselves don't enjoy them seems a bit... rich.

Also, his twitter profile blurb makes him sound like a right cunt.
 
The author basically is saying that Apple computers would be what it is today if it had only consisted of Woz, not Woz and Jobs. Because you see, Jobs was just a marketer and administrator, not a producer. Jobs was the bullshit job.
 

RDreamer

Member
In terms of what determining what value marketing and public relations has to the growth of industry, one really only needs to look at examples in the video game industry to see how they function. Phil Fish is a talented developer. He's a terribly PR manager. How successful would he have been if he had a dedicated, well-seasoned manager?

If 10 people get together and create a wonderful widget, yet nobody knows about it, then they're out of a job. Hell, the author's own example with his talented musician friend speaks to this, as well. How successful would he be if he was marketing the right way by caring A&R (lol, I know, bear with me here) if, indeed, he was as talented as he claims?

That doesn't mean that all PR/Marketing as it exists is strictly necessary, but the field itself is no more a bullshit field than any other.

I was trying to think of a way to put this, but you put it better than I probably could.

Yes Marketing seems kind of bullshit in that there isn't a tangible benefit that's readily seen by the outside person. But you wouldn't be hiring a marketing guy if it didn't actually mean more money in your pockets. Marketing people make sure that everyone who would possibly buy your product knows about it. Yes sometimes as a consumer that's annoying, but realistically you wouldn't have as many of those products that make your day easier if you didn't find out about them from some marketing guy.
 

-COOLIO-

The Everyman
In terms of what determining what value marketing and public relations has to the growth of industry, one really only needs to look at examples in the video game industry to see how they function. Phil Fish is a talented developer. He's a terribly PR manager. How successful would he have been if he had a dedicated, well-seasoned manager?

If 10 people get together and create a wonderful widget, yet nobody knows about it, then they're out of a job. Hell, the author's own example with his talented musician friend speaks to this, as well. How successful would he be if he was marketing the right way by caring A&R (lol, I know, bear with me here) if, indeed, he was as talented as he claims?

That doesn't mean that all PR/Marketing as it exists is strictly necessary, but the field itself is no more a bullshit field than any other.

on the other hand, phil fish has already made a crap ton of money, and a lot of the sales he received was probably due to media attention. i'm actually a big fan of the dude and indie game the movie was amazing and probably free PR but from someone else working a creative and awesome job.

but yeah, having PR people in existence isn't a bad thing. it's just that we might have too many.
 

WanderingWind

Mecklemore Is My Favorite Wrapper
Also, please blame the many typos in that post on the cold medicine I'm currently taking. Holy shit, red pens marks everywhere....
 

-COOLIO-

The Everyman
The author basically is saying that Apple computers would be what it is today if it had only consisted of Woz, not Woz and Jobs. Because you see, Jobs was just a marketer and administrator, not a producer. Jobs was the bullshit job.

i'm not getting this from the article at all. and jobs was mostly a salesman early on yes, but he was also a designer and a ideas guy. if anything, that lends credence to the idea that dedicated PR is mostly unnecessary, which i'm not saying and i dont think the author is either. instead, the question is do we have too many people in marketing/sales/pr? I would say, definitely.
 
This is a point the author makes in this very article.

I'm convinced that 75% of the "first post magic" on GAF derives from the fact that a large number of people read most of the thread title, check to see if the OP has any funny pictures or bolded lines about companies/people/political parties they hate, then read the first reply and stop there.
 

Gotchaye

Member
from an anthropologists perspective though, that doesn't mean much if we look at it's value to civilization overall, in fact it could be detrimental. having a bunch of jobs that only have the purpose of increasing profits for top earners while producing nothing of real tangible value to the everyday citizen serves to do nothing more than exacerbate an already terrible wealth disparity problem.

I agree with that, but he seems to be staking out the position that some of these jobs are bad for everyone. He expresses puzzlement early on about this: "According to economic theory, at least, the last thing a profit-seeking firm is going to do is shell out money to workers they don’t really need to employ."
 

Lonely1

Unconfirmed Member
Hmph. I think this piece makes the same mistake that a lot of critiques of capitalism make, and that's assuming that there's an over-arching conspiracy of some sort. Even talking about the capital-owning class makes the mistake of thinking that one business would be willing to put themselves at risk for the benefit of others. For example, it talks about how people only working 15 hours a week would be "mortally dangerous" to the "ruling class" (he doesn't appear to explain why, but I assume he means because it would reduce the number of consumers to a product) which might be true, but doesn't explain why any given company would - in his own words - "shell out money to workers they don’t really need to employ". The answer is that the businesses do need these employees. Society might function without them, but that business wouldn't.
As a critic of capitalism, I don't believe that there's a conspiracy of any sort. Its a self-organizing system generated by the ideals of capitalism.
 

-COOLIO-

The Everyman
]I agree with that, but he seems to be staking out the position that some of these jobs are bad for everyone[/I[/B]]. He expresses puzzlement early on about this: "According to economic theory, at least, the last thing a profit-seeking firm is going to do is shell out money to workers they don’t really need to employ."


oh, then i think he's wrong on that point too. these jobs are always good for at least one person at the top. you're right.
 

WanderingWind

Mecklemore Is My Favorite Wrapper
i'm not getting this from the article at all. and jobs was mostly a salesman early on yes, but he was also a designer and a ideas guy. if anything, that lends credence to the idea that dedicated PR is mostly unnecessary, which i'm not saying and i dont think the author is either. instead, the question is do we have too many people in marketing/sales/pr? I would say, definitely.

I mean, based on what? And we know very little about who helped Apple behind the scenes. Proper PR work, is not the representative standing in and taking the glory. You don't think all these interviews with industry folks are done off-the-cuff, right? Somebody is going through the messaging and how to approach certain situations. People are working the graphics, the art work and the design elements of the product. People are canvassing for opinions, taking polls, collecting data. People are running web campaigns, community management and other pieces of the puzzle that aren't the head guy. These things all have purposes that may not be apparent, but should become so with a little thought in all the work it takes for any product to hit the market and succeed.
 
i'm not getting this from the article at all. and jobs was mostly a salesman early on yes, but he was also a designer and a ideas guy. if anything, that lends credence to the idea that dedicated PR is mostly unnecessary, which i'm not saying and i dont think the author is either. instead, the question is do we have too many people in marketing/sales/pr? I would say, definitely.

Well, I'm just taking it from his one silly line. The idea that if all of the people doing these jobs disappeared everything would function just fine, but if nurses, garbage collectors, etc disappeared it wouldn't. It's just a silly idea. They are necessary functions for our modern economy to function, not just jobs there for the sake of having jobs. He says it's unclear what would happen to society if they didn't exist, but I don't think it's unclear at all. Even you don't, because you say you think the jobs are necessary, but there are too many of them.

The "too many" thing is something else altogether. If you agree that the jobs are necessary, then you understand that the jobs bring value. If the jobs have value, they are going to be created at a rate at which their cost is still less than the value they bring in. Now, maybe there is an argument that no one needs to work 40 hours a week. They may finish the core of all of their work in 15-20 hours. I think the reason 40 hours a week is standard is because people are going to avoid doing work if they don't feel like doing it. I sit at a desk for 40 hours a week and do actual on task work for 20 of those 40 hours. The rest of it is me fooling around on the web. But if you cut my hours down to 20? It doesn't change the fact that I don't like working while I'm at work. I'm still going to dick around. Except now that dicking around time cuts into time that actually needed to be spent on working.
 
As a critic of capitalism, I don't believe that there's a conspiracy of any sort. Its a self-organizing system generated by the ideals of capitalism.

That's certainly not the argument that appears to be advanced by Mr Graeber, however:

"The ruling class has figured out that a happy and productive population with free time on their hands is a mortal danger" makes it sound entirely like a conscious decision, as does his supposition that it appears to fly in the face of economic theory (notably because it is).
 

Lonely1

Unconfirmed Member
I mean, based on what? And we know very little about who helped Apple behind the scenes. Proper PR work, is not the representative standing in and taking the glory. You don't think all these interviews with industry folks are done off-the-cuff, right? Somebody is going through the messaging and how to approach certain situations. People are working the graphics, the art work and the design elements of the product. People are canvassing for opinions, taking polls, collecting data. People are running web campaigns, community management and other pieces of the puzzle that aren't the head guy. These things all have purposes that may not be apparent, but should become so with a little thought in all the work it takes for any product to hit the market and succeed.

I'm of the idea that a single company maximizing their profit is not a net benefit to society. In fact, is well established that monopolies (the ultimate profit maximization state) have a negative effect on it.
 

RDreamer

Member
The "too many" thing is something else altogether. If you agree that the jobs are necessary, then you understand that the jobs bring value. If the jobs have value, they are going to be created at a rate at which their cost is still less than the value they bring in. Now, maybe there is an argument that no one needs to work 40 hours a week. They may finish the core of all of their work in 15-20 hours. I think the reason 40 hours a week is standard is because people are going to avoid doing work if they don't feel like doing it. I sit at a desk for 40 hours a week and do actual on task work for 20 of those 40 hours. The rest of it is me fooling around on the web. But if you cut my hours down to 20? It doesn't change the fact that I don't like working while I'm at work. I'm still going to dick around. Except now that dicking around time cuts into time that actually needed to be spent on working.

Yep, this is part of it.

The other part is that while it may be sort of confusing that a capitalist system would hire people to do useless things you have to remember that those people are capitalists, too. They're working to maximize their dollars while minimizing their actual work. So while some people could say they don't actually need to work 40 hours to accomplish their job, sure, but that company does probably need to hire that person to do that job. They can try to minimize the fluff hours, but if almost everyone in that position is doing it they really don't have the power to get it down to 0 wasted hours.

Basically we've set up society so that 40 hour weeks are about the standard. You pretty much need to work that to live well enough. So why would you be ok with going in and doing 15 if you could squeeze it into 40 hours with 25 of fluff?
 

WanderingWind

Mecklemore Is My Favorite Wrapper
I'm of the idea that a single company maximizing their profit is not a net benefit to society. In fact, is well established that monopolies (the ultimate profit maximization state) have negative effect on it.

Ok? That doesn't affect the conversation at hand though. Nobody is talking about monopolies. We're talking about the necessity for certain jobs in society. But even if we were talking broader in scope, I'm of the mind that if a job is allowing you to eat and shelter and clothe yourself, it's ultimately a benefit to society, as that means that society doesn't have to do those things for you. Obviously, not everything done in the name of profit is good, but neither is it evil or detrimental.
 

Lonely1

Unconfirmed Member
Ok? That doesn't affect the conversation at hand though. Nobody is talking about monopolies. We're talking about the necessity for certain jobs in society. But even if we were talking broader in scope, I'm of the mind that if a job is allowing you to eat and shelter and clothe yourself, it's ultimately a benefit to society, as that means that society doesn't have to do those things for you. Obviously, not everything done in the name of profit is good, but neither is it evil or detrimental.
Well, my point is, while is true that a telemarketing job might be useful for a company, it's probably not very useful for society.

That's certainly not the argument that appears to be advanced by Mr Graeber, however:

"The ruling class has figured out that a happy and productive population with free time on their hands is a mortal danger" makes it sound entirely like a conscious decision, as does his supposition that it appears to fly in the face of economic theory (notably because it is).

Well, I believe that many of his points other points are correct, and that particular sentence don't invalidates his boarder thesis. Sorry If I interpreted your post as implying that the existence of a boogieman was necessary for a critic of capitalism.
 
Article is spot on.

Look at the NSFW phenomenon.

Why the fuck are you browsing pointless websites at work?

Because you're in a bullshit job.

See also paperwork. The paperless future is here, and there's more paper than ever pointlessly doing stuff
 

RDreamer

Member
Article is spot on.

Look at the NSFW phenomenon.

Why the fuck are you browsing pointless websites at work?

Because you're in a bullshit job.

See also paperwork. The paperless future is here, and there's more paper than ever pointlessly doing stuff

Just extracting capital back from the capitalists, my man.
 

Lord Error

Insane For Sony
Article is spot on.

Look at the NSFW phenomenon.

Why the fuck are you browsing pointless websites at work?
Because the type of work I do would make anyone's mind explode if I was doing it continuously for 8h every day, so we're allowed to take breaks.

That aside, I generally agree with this article, and it's just going to become more and more obvious how right it is when automation takes over more and more jobs that people do nowadays. And attempts for that automation to be pushed aside to create jobs for people artificially even though they're less capable of doing said job, and more expensive to pay for it.
 

daviyoung

Banned
Article is spot on.

Look at the NSFW phenomenon.

Why the fuck are you browsing pointless websites at work?

Because you're in a bullshit job.

See also paperwork. The paperless future is here, and there's more paper than ever pointlessly doing stuff

Yeh, NSFW is bullshit. I mean plumbers can keep all sorts of porn in their vans, why can't I keep mine on my computer?

Fair's fair!
 

R2D4

Banned
Article is spot on.

Look at the NSFW phenomenon.

Why the fuck are you browsing pointless websites at work?

Because you're in a bullshit job.

See also paperwork. The paperless future is here, and there's more paper than ever pointlessly doing stuff

So the only non bullshit jobs are assembly line workers and semi truck drivers? There are many jobs that are necessary that have short periods of nothing to do. Or lulls in the work.
 

Baraka in the White House

2-Terms of Kombat
Article is spot on.

Look at the NSFW phenomenon.

Why the fuck are you browsing pointless websites at work?

Because you're in a bullshit job.

See also paperwork. The paperless future is here, and there's more paper than ever pointlessly doing stuff

Because it's absolutely essential that employers extract the maximum amount of work from their employees each and every day, right?
 
just read jamesinclair's posts in that other thread where he said being asked to clean yourself up or look presentable means you work at a shit company. it's clear the guy has no understanding of the real world.
 

zou

Member
I would guess that we're not actually that far away from 15-20 work weeks, if you count non-work related activities against those 40h. So whereas a fifty or a hundred years ago one might actually spend that many hours working, now people check mails and hang on facebook during work hours. Not to mention the work itself got easier.

Not that I agree with the premise of the article, just because "lol lawyers" doesn't make them bs jobs.
 
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